Expert Videos

Module 1: Understanding MPNs

What are myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs)?

Dr. Andrew Kuykendall of Moffitt Cancer Center explains that myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of chronic blood cancers caused by genetic changes that lead to making too many blood cells. He describes the three "classic" types of MPNs: essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and myelofibrosis (MF). Dr. Kuykendall notes that many patients can live well with proper monitoring and care, depending on their specific diagnosis and risk level.

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Why and how did my MPN arise?

In this video, Dr. Jyoti Nangalia explains that myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) develop when a mutation occurs in a blood stem cell, causing it to produce too many blood cells. Most cases are linked to one of three key gene mutations: JAK2, CALR, or MPL. These mutations can appear early in life and grow slowly over decades, often without symptoms at first. Dr. Nangalia also discusses how a combination of genetics, environment, and possibly lifestyle may influence why these mutations occur or progress in some individuals but not others.

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How are MPNs diagnosed?

In this video, Dr. Andrew Kuykendall provides an overview of how myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are diagnosed. He explains that the process often begins with a routine blood test that shows unusually high levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. If an MPN is suspected, further testing is done to look for common genetic mutations such as JAK2, CALR, or MPL, which help confirm the diagnosis. A bone marrow biopsy is also recommended to better understand the disease and identify its specific type, especially if the diagnosis remains uncertain after blood and genetic tests.

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What are the signs and symptoms of MPNs?

Dr. Jyoti Nangalia of the Wellcome Sanger Institute and Cambridge Stem Cell Institute provides an overview of the wide range of signs and symptoms experienced by people with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). She explains that while some people have no symptoms and are diagnosed through routine blood tests, others may experience fatigue, itching, blood clots, or more serious issues like weight loss or night sweats. Dr. Nangalia highlights how symptoms can gradually worsen over time and impact daily life. She also discusses an MPN symptom tracker tool that patients can use to monitor symptoms, improve communication with doctors, and guide treatment decisions.

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What are the risks of living with an MPN?

Malignant hematologist Dr. Andrew Kuykendall discusses the risks of living with a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). He explains that the most common risk is developing thrombosis, which can lead to serious cardiovascular events. To lower this risk, patients may be treated with medications, blood draws, or lifestyle changes. He also notes the potential for disease progression and emphasizes the importance of managing other health conditions. While some treatments may help delay progression, staying engaged with both a hematologist and primary care doctor is key to long-term care. Overall, living well with an MPN requires ongoing monitoring and proactive health management.

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What are the expectations of living with an MPN?

Dr. Jyoti Nangalia of the Wellcome Sanger Institute and Cambridge Stem Cell Institute provides an overview of what patients can expect when living with a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). She explains that for many people, especially those with low-risk disease, MPNs can often be managed with regular monitoring and healthy lifestyle choices. For those needing more active treatment, care may include medication adjustments, follow-up tests, or additional procedures such as bone marrow biopsies. Dr. Nangalia emphasizes the importance of minimizing cardiovascular risk factors, staying engaged with healthcare providers, and tailoring care based on individual risk, symptoms, and disease progression.

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How are MPNs treated?

In this video, Dr. Andrew Kuykendall speaks with Dr. Jyoti Nangalia about treatment approaches for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Dr. Nangalia explains that a key goal of treatment is to reduce the risk of thrombosis (blood clots). Depending on a patient's risk level, treatment may include monitoring, low-dose aspirin, or medications to lower blood counts. In more advanced cases, therapies like JAK inhibitors may help manage symptoms and slow disease progression, while ongoing research aims to find treatments that prevent long-term complications.

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This educational activity has been developed by MPN Research Foundation in collaboration with Mechanisms in Medicine Inc.

This activity is supported by independent educational grants from Disc Medicine, Incyte, Merck and PharmaEssentia.

Thank you to the funders of You And MPN. All content is developed independently by MPN Research Foundation and Mechanisms in Medicine Inc., in collaboration with an Expert Faculty group; funders are allowed no influence on the content of You And MPN: Animated Patient^® Guide to Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.

Disclaimer: The information provided is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your doctor about any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. The visuals provided are meant to be representations only. No specific brand is being promoted or endorsed.

This website is part of the Animated Patient^® series developed by Mechanisms in Medicine Inc., to provide highly visual formats of learning for patients to improve their understanding, make informed decisions, and partner with their healthcare professionals for optimal outcomes.